STOLEN : FIVE FREE BOYS KIDNAPPED INTO SLAVERY AND THEIR ASTONISHING ODYSSEY HOME
by Richard Bell 

By 1825, slavery was pretty much either dead or dying in the northern states. Less than twenty thousand blacks were still in bondage, mostly in the rural parts of New Jersey and New York. Pennsylvania, though, was a free state. Philadelphia had a reputation of being a safe haven for people of color, and was the headquarters of the American antislavery movement. Unfortunately, it was one of the most dangerous places in the United States for a black person. Pennsylvania was separated by two slave states: Maryland and Delaware (the Mason-Dixon Line), and Philadelphia was just forty miles north of this border. Because it was so close to the South the black community were instant targets for kidnappers from slave states. Slavery was still very profitable in the South and thousands of free black people were stolen right off the streets to be sold to American settlers for a high amount of money. This black market network of human traffickers became known as the Reverse Underground Railroad.
Five very young (little kids), free black boys from Philadelphia would fall into the hands of one of the worst gangs of slavers by being lured onto a ship where they were promised food and payment. Instead they were greeted with blindfolds, ropes, and threatened with knives. Four grueling months would take them shackled to one another from the waterfront of Philadelphia to Mississippi and beyond. Since they only had each other for support, these children would struggle to survive while at the same time thinking of escape. Their parents would really suffer because being a person of color there was no legal recourse for them, and nobody cared. It was a terrible situation. Then, the mayor of Philadelphia decided to take the matter up.
Stolen is a very difficult and disturbing book to read, but it's important to know what went on decades before the Civil War. Author Richard Bell (he's also a historian) is a wonderful storyteller and encapsulates all the horrors, events, and nuances that happened during this time. His impeccable, detailed research took him all over the place.Even though this story has never been told before, and families back then didn't leave any kind of documentation, Bell was still able to masterfully bring everything together.
Highly recommended.